Bibliography
Primary Sources
59th Line. www.facebook.com/59th line (accessed January 2010).
This Facebook website provided us with some valuable information about the 59th line of the Kilgore Rangerettes.
61st Line. www.facebook.com/61stline (accessed January 2010).
This Facebook website provided us with some valuable information about the 61st line of the Kilgore Rangerettes.
A T&T Cotton Bowl Classic. Hall of Fame. http://www.attcottonbowl.com/fan-zone/hall-of-fame/the-selection (accessed Feburary 2010).
This website was very useful. It provided us with some useful information about the Rangerettes involvement with the Cotton Bowl.
Acosta, Teresa Palomo. Kilgore Rangerettes. www.tshaonline.orghandbook/online/articles/kk/llk1.html (accessed March 3, 2010).
Alice Lon. December 1, 2006. www.welkgirls.com/index.html (accessed March 2010).
It was really hard for women to get recognized as an "athlete." This website gave us information on their involvement in sports.
"American Cotton Museum." Personal Photograph Collection. Greenville, Texas, March 12, 2010.
To further our information on the Flaming Flashes, we visited the American Cotton Museum in Greenville, Texas. The museum gave us information and visuals about the Flaming Flashes.
"Capitol Images." Texas State Senate. April 1999.
These images gave showed us the Rangerettes involvement with the state by providing images of them with the State's Senate.
Collier, Ginger, interview by Candice Carver & Bree Roark. (March 20, 2010).
Ginger Collier is a former Kilgore College Rangerette. She is also a senior staff member for Showtime International. Mrs. Collier was nice enough to answer some questions about the Rangerettes for us to add to our site.
Coppedge, Clay. "Sweethearts of the Gridiron." Texas Co-op Power 65, no. 6 (February 2009).
This article showed us that the Rangerettes are involved in the media a lot more than you would think.
Cotton Bowl Classic. "Fairwell to Fair Park." 2009 Cotton Bowl Program. Dallas, January 2009.
This gave us some more pictures and information about the Rangerettes' involvement in the Cotton Bowl.
Deen, Martha Hale. Remembering Gussie Nell: Founder and First Director of the World Famous Kilgore College Rangerettes. Kilgore, Texas: McAlister Printing, 2006.
Both of us read and looked into this great book. It gave us information about Gussie Nell and the Rangerettes. Most importantly though, our biggest benefit of this book was getting all of the information about their performances and photos of performances.
Dreibrodt, Dr. Irving. "A Study of Materials and Half-Time Formation for Marching Bands and Pep Squads." Master's Thesis, August 1951.
This source gave us information about the ways of performing. It wasn't a source of information about the Rangerettes, but drill team itself.
Ennis, Michael. "Art." Texas Monthly 6, no. 1 (January 1978).
The Rangerettes have always been a big part of magazines and books. They were the cover of many. One of the covers being Texas Monthly . Not only because of their beauty and talent, but because of their impact on women and the society.
"Eyes of Texas." Click 2 Houston. August 29, 2009. www.click2Houston.com (accessed December 2009).
This source gave us information on the views of people in Texas.
Finley, Leslie, interview by Bree Roark & Candice Carver. (March 22, 2010).
Miss Leslie Finley is a staff member for Showtime International and is also a former member of the Kilgore Rangerettes. She answered some questions about Rangerettes for us to add to the website.
Former World Famous Kilgore College Rangerettes. www.facebook.com/Formerworldfamouskilgorecollegerangerettes (accessed January 2010).
Facebook has been really useful to us. It not only gave us photographs of the Rangerettes, it also linked us with former Rettes and their point of view.
"Funeral Brochure." In loving memory of Gussie Nell Davis. Public Information Office at Kilgore College.
We visited the Greenville public library and found in a folder of Gussie Nell, her funeral brochure. It had quotes from people who knew her first hand and it showed us that pretty much everyone that knew her thought of her as a "feisty" lady.
Gammon, John F. 2007 Kilgore Rangerettes. www.QRZ.com/callsign/W5VYY (accessed March 11, 2010).
The Kilgore Rangerette page provided us with lots of basic information on the Rangerettes. Of course we dug deeper, but it was really helpful.
Gussie Nell Davis Tribute. www.facebook.com/gussienelldavistribute (accessed January 2010).
Since Gussie Nell Davis was the founder of drill team, she was "IT." This tribute to her provided us with more information on her impact.
Hanes, Charlie, interview by Candice Carver & Bree Roark. (February 2010)—. World Famous Rangerettes. www.facebook.com/charliehanes (accessed January 2010).
Charlie Hanes is known as the "super fan" of the Rangerettes. By having an email interview with him, we got a lot of information about his times with the Rangerettes and his views of them and Gussie Nell.
Johnson, Margaret. From the Lawman TV Series. www.peterbrown.tv/lawmanpics.html (accessed March 11, 2010).
The Rangerettes are really involved with the media due to their talent , beauty, and their fabulous reputation. This provided u s with another "In The Media" source.
Kilgore College Rangerettes. www.carshow-photos/lincoln-town-cars-1990s/kilgore_college_rangerettes.htm (accessed March 10, 2010).
The Rangerettes were involved with the Lincoln carshow. This provided us with some photographs of this event.
Kilgore College Rangerettes. History of the Rangerettes. http://www.rangerette.com/MessageCenterDetail.aspx?ContentID=10 (accessed October 25, 2009).
We have lots of sources on the history of the Rangerettes, this was just one of the many that gave us all of our deep information.
Kilgore College Rangerettes, 1977 - 1979. www.facebook.com/kilgorecollegerangerettes19771979 (accessed January 2010).
We visited many Facebook wesbsites. All of them provided us with photographs and information on the former and recent rangerettes. They also lead us to interview with our interviewees.
Kilgore Photos: People and Homes. www.kilgorephotos-people&homes.net (accessed March 9, 2010).
This website gave us direct information about Kilgore and the people of. It showed how much of an impact and impression the Rangerettes have on Kilgore.
Lead on the left end Lieutenants, Kilgore Rangerettes. www.facebook.com/leadontheleftendlieutenants (accessed January 2010).
This Facebook site mainly focused on the rangerette officers. It provided us with a lot of photographs of them performing their role.
Lewis, Janna. "Texas Women High Kick thier way art." Fort Hood Sentinel, April 2009.
This source made us realize that drill team was not only a a talent, it was also a performing art.
Life Magazine. "A Texas Trademark." July 8, 1966.
Rangerettes were in the media a lot. Life Magazine gave us another "In the Media" source. This magazine article gave us informationa bout them in 1966.
Life Magazine. "The Rangerettes." October 29 1951.
This source gave us information and photographs about them in the media, especially Life Magazine.
Lovelace, Melinda Buckner, interview by Candice Carver & Bree Roark. (March 22, 2010).
Mrs Melinda Buckner Lovelace was a Southwest Texas State University Strutter (now know as Texas State University Stutters). She answered some questions about drill team in general and how being a member of a college drill team helped her to be successful in life.
Mackintosh, Prudence. "Crossing the Chorus Line." Texas Monthly 2, no. 1 (January 1974).
The Rangerettes were very loved by the media. They were on a numerous amount of magazine covers and in many articles, one being Texas Monthly.
Odan, Matthew. Photos: 2009 Presidential Inauguration. January 26, 2009. www.austin360.com/blogs accessed March 11, 2010).
These photos were very useful to us because it gave us information about them not only being involved with the community of Kilgore, but also the state of Texas.
Oden, Meredith, interview by Candice Carver and Bree Roark. (March 2010).
Miss Meredith Oden is a legacy to dance/drill team. She and her mother were both members of the Kilgore College Rangerettes and the Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders. Miss Oden is currenly a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader. She was nice enough to answer some questions about both teams that she has been a member of, how being a legacy to both teams affected her decisions, and how drill team and dance have influenced her life.
Perkins, Bunkie. "A Below Average Photo Essay: Cotton Bowl Farewell Edition". January 4, 2009. www.friendsoftheprogram.net (accessed March 11, 2010).
The Rangerettes have been involved in the Cotton Bowl from the very beginning. This website provided us with more pictures and information about their involvement with that.
Photobucket. www.media.photobucket.com/image/rangerettes/roostud03/project/sk769143.jpg?0=16 (accessed March 3, 2010).
Photobucket is a photo source that provides pictures from personal accounts. We got some recent Rangerette pictures from people that uploaded pictures to their accounts themselves.
Popular Mechanics. "Football is a pagent." September 1951.
This article gave us information about some fans only coming to the football games to watch the Rangerettes/drill team. It also gave us information that the legacy of drill team helps to control fights and alcohol under the bleachers during half-time.
"Rangerette Museum and Showcase." Personal Photograph Collection. Kilgore, Texas, March 25 2010.
Our teacher took us to Kilgore to see the Rangerette Showcase and Museum. It was amazing. It provided us with over 400 photos. it also provided us with first-hand articles, quotes, and information about Gussie, Deana, Dana, and the Rangerettes.It gave us tons of photographs from them at the Cotton Bowls, it told us about "The Sign", and much much more.
"Rangerettes showcase." brochure. Kilgore, Texas: Texas Historical Commission, March 25, 2010.
The brochure we got from visiting the museum was useful towards our "Rangerette Museum" page. It made it easier to tell what all was in the museum.
Rodriguez, Rose. "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade features HemisFair '68." The Top Shelf, November 2009.
The talents of the Kilgore Rangerettes were so outstanding and known, that they got asked to perform all around the world. One of the performances they are continuously asked to do is at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. This artice gave us information about their performance in 1968.
Shrake, Edwin. "Trouping the Colors For Gussie Nell Davis." Sports Illustrated, December 1974.
This article in Sports Illustrated gave us information about Gussie Nell Davis and her time with Kilgore and the Rangerettes.
Skelding, Laura. Kilgore Rangerettes Perform at Texas Medal of Arts Awards. April 7, 2009.
http://photoblog.statesman.com/kilgore-rangerettes-perform-at-texas-medal-of-arts-awards (accessed December 2009).
Skipper-Lange, Beverly, interview by Candice Carver & Bree Roark. (January 2010).
Mrs. Beverly Skipper-Lange is the owner and CEO of Showtime Internationa. She is a former member of the Kilgore Rangerettes as well as the Southwest Texas State University Strutters (now known as Texas State University Strutters). She answered some questions about her time on Rangerettes as well as her relationship with Miss Gussie Nell Davis.
Swatzell, Beverly Rochin. Forevers DFW. 2010. www.foreversdfw.com/Forevers_DFW/Home.html (accessed January 2010).
Rangerettes Forever is a program made to honor the Rangerette alumni. This website gave us a good description of what this organization does and their involvements still with the Rangerettes.
Tarpley, Amy Tarpley Wade and Judy, interview by Candice Carver and Bree Roark. (February 4, 2010).
Our teacher had been reading through our articles. She had read the name "Amy Tarpley." The name sounded familiar to her, so she brought it up with her husband. Turns out, her husband had known her for years. Therefore, he got a hold of her and our teacher set up the interview with her and her mother. They were both former Flashes. They were the first third generation amongst the Flashes. We gathered most of our information about the Flashes within this interview.
Toler, Terry. "Texas Primer: The Drill Team." Texas Monthly, November 1983.
This article in Texas Monthly gave us information about the Rangerettes.
"Trail Blazers poilitical blog." Dallas Morning News. June 28, 2008. http://dmn.beloblog.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-t.cgi/115858 (accessed March 10, 2010).
We found this article from the Dallas Morning News on the internet. It gave us information about politics and the Rangerettes.
Vine, Katy. "Alive and Kicking." Texas Monthly, September 2004.
This article from Texas Monthly loaded us with valuable information about the talents of the Rangerettes.
Wayne, Shelly. "Kilgore Rangerettes Secrets." DTDA Insights, 1999.
This magazine article gave us insiders on the Rangerettes. It gave us some of our traditional information.
Weiskopf, Herman. "Don't turn the TV at Halftime." Sports Illustrated, December 1969.
This article in Sports Illustrated gave us information about how having the drill team perform at half-time helped control the crime rate and violence that was happening during football games. It told us about that some of the "crazy football fans" would actually stay in their seats during halfe-time instead of getting up to eat or what-not.
Williams, Trudie, interview by Candice Carver & Bree Roark. Creekview High School Drill Team Director (March 15, 2010).
Mrs. Trudie Williams is the drill team director at Creekview high school in Carrolton, Texas. She was also a member of both the Steven F. Austin University Pom Squad and the Trinity Valley Community College Cardettes. She answered some questions about her time as a drill team/pom squad performer and how it has influenced her life.
Zmolik, Jenna, interview by Candice Carver & Bree Roark. (March 23, 2010).
Miss Jenna Zmolik was a member of her high school drill team, the Forney High School Highsteppers, and is currently a Dallas Mavericks Dancer. Miss Zmolik was nice enough to anwer some questions about drill team and Mavericks Dancers, as to how they have influenced her decisions in life.
Secondary Sources
"Catalog." Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009.
This is the book catalog for the University of Texas Press. It highlights the book Kilgore Rangerettes by O. Rufus Lovett. We were able to use photographs from the catalog on our website.
Coachman, Mary Kaye. Dance Team. New York, New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2007.
This book provided information about drill team in general as well as some photographs that we were able to use on our website.
Cohen, Rick Smolan and David. Texas 24/7. DK Publishing, 2004.
A high kicking Rangerette is featured on the cover of the book Texas 24/7. The book is a part of a series called America 24/7. We used a photograph of the cover of the book on the website.
Conyers, Patrick & Others. Images of America: Pasadena 1940 - 2008. Arcadia Publishing, 2009.
This book is a part of a series of books called Images of America, which highlights different towns across the nation. The book gave us information about the Kilgore Rangerettes performing at the Little Rose Bowl as well as a photograph from the event.
Hawkins, John. Texas Cheerleaders: the Spirit of America. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
This book was on of the first books written about cheerleading and drill team. It tells how drill team evolved, beginning with cheerleaders, then pep squads, then drill teams at the high school and college level, then finally professional cheerleaders (who are really dancers). It has a lot of informaiton used in researching the history of Gussie Nell Davis, a whole chapter is dedicated to her. The book also goes into the reasons why drill team is important to the development of confidence and other life skills to young women.
Hippolyte Bayard. Good Ol' Times. http://www.hippolytebayard.com/2008/10/good-ol-times.html (accessed December 2009).
This website has a lot of photos that we were able to use on our website. It also had a lot of information about the uniforms over the years, and what the team looked like in the early years of the organization.
Ingham, Donna. You Know you're in Texas when: 101 quintessential places, people, and events. United States: Morris Book Publishing, LLC, 2007.
This book was used to help create the list of performances of the Kilgore Rangerettes. It also shows, again, that the Kilgore Rangerettes are a state icon and mentions the Rangerette museum as a travel destination.
McDonald, Archie P. Gussie Nell Davis. August 25, 2008. http://www.texasescapes.com/AllThingsHistorical/Gussie-Nell-Davis-and-Kilgore-Rangerettes-AM808.htm. (accessed December 2009).
This website explains the life and career of Gussie Nell Davis, starting with the development of the ‘dancing pep squad’, the flaming flashes of Greenville High School, and the idea behind and the creation of the Kilgore Rangerettes as the first drill team in the world.
Pennington, Joyce. "Gussie Nell Davis." American Dance/Drill Team. http://danceadts.com/adtsbackground.htm. (accessed December 2009).
American Dance/Drill Team is the organization created by Gussie Nell Davis and Dr. Irving Dreibrodt. Mrs. Joyce Pennington bought the company in the 1980’s and it is now the biggest dance/drill team company in the state of Texas. Since Mrs. Pennington purchased the company she has worked to perserve the history of dance/drill team, including the creation of the Kilgore Rangerettes. This article was written and posted on the company website as a way to teach young drill team girls the foundations of drill team in the United States.
Pennington, Joyce E. History of Dance/Drill Team...the First Twenty Years 1929 - 1950. 2006. www.danceadts.com/edsupport/newprogram/history_drillteam.htm (accessed January 2010).
This article goes along with other articles written by Mrs. Pennington. The purposes of the articles are to preserve the history of dance/drill team and Miss Gussie Nell Davis, and to teach young drill team members the foundations of drill team. This article profiles the life and career of Miss Gussie Nell Davis.
“Women in Sports: The struggle for equality.” Riverdeep.net. http://web.riverdeep.net/current /2000/03/front.150300.women.jhtml , March 24, 2010.
It was hard for women to be treated equally in the sports world. This website provided us with information about their struggles and hard times women went through to get treated equally to men.
This is the book catalog for the University of Texas Press. It highlights the book Kilgore Rangerettes by O. Rufus Lovett. We were able to use photographs from the catalog on our website.
Coachman, Mary Kaye. Dance Team. New York, New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2007.
This book provided information about drill team in general as well as some photographs that we were able to use on our website.
Cohen, Rick Smolan and David. Texas 24/7. DK Publishing, 2004.
A high kicking Rangerette is featured on the cover of the book Texas 24/7. The book is a part of a series called America 24/7. We used a photograph of the cover of the book on the website.
Conyers, Patrick & Others. Images of America: Pasadena 1940 - 2008. Arcadia Publishing, 2009.
This book is a part of a series of books called Images of America, which highlights different towns across the nation. The book gave us information about the Kilgore Rangerettes performing at the Little Rose Bowl as well as a photograph from the event.
Hawkins, John. Texas Cheerleaders: the Spirit of America. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
This book was on of the first books written about cheerleading and drill team. It tells how drill team evolved, beginning with cheerleaders, then pep squads, then drill teams at the high school and college level, then finally professional cheerleaders (who are really dancers). It has a lot of informaiton used in researching the history of Gussie Nell Davis, a whole chapter is dedicated to her. The book also goes into the reasons why drill team is important to the development of confidence and other life skills to young women.
Hippolyte Bayard. Good Ol' Times. http://www.hippolytebayard.com/2008/10/good-ol-times.html (accessed December 2009).
This website has a lot of photos that we were able to use on our website. It also had a lot of information about the uniforms over the years, and what the team looked like in the early years of the organization.
Ingham, Donna. You Know you're in Texas when: 101 quintessential places, people, and events. United States: Morris Book Publishing, LLC, 2007.
This book was used to help create the list of performances of the Kilgore Rangerettes. It also shows, again, that the Kilgore Rangerettes are a state icon and mentions the Rangerette museum as a travel destination.
McDonald, Archie P. Gussie Nell Davis. August 25, 2008. http://www.texasescapes.com/AllThingsHistorical/Gussie-Nell-Davis-and-Kilgore-Rangerettes-AM808.htm. (accessed December 2009).
This website explains the life and career of Gussie Nell Davis, starting with the development of the ‘dancing pep squad’, the flaming flashes of Greenville High School, and the idea behind and the creation of the Kilgore Rangerettes as the first drill team in the world.
Pennington, Joyce. "Gussie Nell Davis." American Dance/Drill Team. http://danceadts.com/adtsbackground.htm. (accessed December 2009).
American Dance/Drill Team is the organization created by Gussie Nell Davis and Dr. Irving Dreibrodt. Mrs. Joyce Pennington bought the company in the 1980’s and it is now the biggest dance/drill team company in the state of Texas. Since Mrs. Pennington purchased the company she has worked to perserve the history of dance/drill team, including the creation of the Kilgore Rangerettes. This article was written and posted on the company website as a way to teach young drill team girls the foundations of drill team in the United States.
Pennington, Joyce E. History of Dance/Drill Team...the First Twenty Years 1929 - 1950. 2006. www.danceadts.com/edsupport/newprogram/history_drillteam.htm (accessed January 2010).
This article goes along with other articles written by Mrs. Pennington. The purposes of the articles are to preserve the history of dance/drill team and Miss Gussie Nell Davis, and to teach young drill team members the foundations of drill team. This article profiles the life and career of Miss Gussie Nell Davis.
“Women in Sports: The struggle for equality.” Riverdeep.net. http://web.riverdeep.net/current /2000/03/front.150300.women.jhtml , March 24, 2010.
It was hard for women to be treated equally in the sports world. This website provided us with information about their struggles and hard times women went through to get treated equally to men.